While there are millions upon millions of books and stories in the world, they all contain similar traits. The vast, vast, vast majority of them (99.99%) will have the following five characteristics: plot, conflict, theme, setting and character. In any good story, these help to drive the story forward, get audiences invested, create tension and make it easy to follow.
Plot
A plot is the sequence of events which occur in the story.
Setting
The time and location in which a story happens.
Character
The characters that drive the story forward.
Theme
The idea or message that reoccurs throughout the story.
Conflict
The struggle or obstacle the protagonist must overcome to be successful.
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